Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Acetylcholine Receptors [53]) are activated endogenous agonist acetylcholine. All five (M1-M5) mAChRs ubiquitously expressed in human body and therefore attractive targets for many disorders. Functionally, M1, M3, M5 preferentially couple to Gq/11 proteins, whilst M2 M4 predominantly Gi/o proteins. Both agonists antagonists of clinically approved drugs, including pilocarpine treatment elevated intra-ocular pressure glaucoma, atropine bradycardia poisoning muscarinic agents such organophosphates. Of note, it has been observed that dimerise reversibly [134] dimerisation/oligomerisation can be affected ligands [183, 196].